MKNOD(2) | System Calls Manual | MKNOD(2)

# NAME

`mknod`, `mknodat` —
make a special file node

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

`#include <sys/stat.h>`

int
`mknod`(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);

`#include <sys/stat.h>`
`#include <fcntl.h>`

int
`mknodat`(int fd, const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);

# DESCRIPTION

`mknod` with `S_IFIFO` specified in mode and 0 in dev makes a FIFO file. This call is respectively a portable alias for mkfifo(2) and mkfifoat(2).

`mknod` with `S_IFCHR` or `S_IFBLK` in mode makes a device special file. The file path is created with the major and minor device numbers specified by dev. The access permissions of path are extracted from mode, modified by the umask(2) of the parent process.

`mknodat`() works the same way as `mknod`() except if path is relative. In that case, it is looked up from a directory whose file descriptor was passed as fd. Search permission is required on this directory. fd can be set to `AT_FDCWD` in order to specify the current directory.

`mknod`() requires super-user privileges for creating device special files.

# RETURN VALUES

The `mknod`() and `mknodat`() functions return the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.

# ERRORS

`mknod`() and `mknodat`() will fail and the file will be not created if:

[`EACCES`]
  Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
[`EDQUOT`]
  The directory in which the entry for the new node is being placed cannot be extended because the user's quota of disk blocks on the file system containing the directory has been exhausted; or the user's quota of inodes on the file system on which the node is being created has been exhausted.
[`EEXIST`]
  The named file exists.
[`EFAULT`]
  path points outside the process's allocated address space.
[`EINVAL`]
  The supplied mode or dev is invalid.
[`EIO`]
  An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or allocating the inode.
[`ELOOP`]
  Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
[`ENAMETOOLONG`]
  A component of a pathname exceeded {`NAME_MAX`} characters, or an entire path name exceeded {`PATH_MAX`} characters.
[`ENOENT`]
  A component of the path prefix does not exist.
[`ENOSPC`]
  The directory in which the entry for the new node is being placed cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file system containing the directory; or there are no free inodes on the file system on which the node is being created.
[`ENOTDIR`]
  A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
[`EOPNOTSUPP`]
  The kernel has not been configured to support FIFOs.
[`EPERM`]
  The process's effective user ID is not super-user.
[`EROFS`]
  The named file resides on a read-only file system.

In addition, `mknodat`() will fail if:

[`EBADF`]
  path does not specify an absolute path and fd is neither `AT_FDCWD` nor a valid file descriptor open for reading or searching.
[`ENOTDIR`]
  path is not an absolute path and fd is a file descriptor associated with a non-directory file.

# SEE ALSO

chmod(2), mkfifo(2), stat(2), umask(2), makedev(3)

# STANDARDS

The `mknod`() function conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 (“POSIX.1”). `mknodat`() conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”).

# HISTORY

A `mknod`() function call appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

The alias mode for mkfifo(2) and mkfifoat(2) first appeared in NetBSD 9.

June 20, 2019 | NetBSD 9.3