SETUID(2) | System Calls Manual | SETUID(2)

# NAME

`setuid`, `seteuid`, `setgid`, `setegid` —
set user and group ID

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

`#include <unistd.h>`

int
`setuid`(uid_t uid);

int
`seteuid`(uid_t euid);

int
`setgid`(gid_t gid);

int
`setegid`(gid_t egid);

# DESCRIPTION

The `setuid`() function sets the real and effective user IDs and the saved set-user-ID of the current process to the specified value. The `setuid`() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to the real user ID of the process, or if the effective user ID is that of the super user.

The `setgid`() function sets the real and effective group IDs and the saved set-group-ID of the current process to the specified value. The `setgid`() function is permitted if the specified ID is equal to the real group ID of the process, or if the effective user ID is that of the super user. Supplementary group IDs remain unchanged.

The `seteuid`() function (`setegid`()) sets the effective user ID (group ID) of the current process. The effective user ID may be set to the value of the real user ID or the saved set-user-ID (see intro(2) and execve(2)); in this way, the effective user ID of a set-user-ID executable may be toggled by switching to the real user ID, then re-enabled by reverting to the set-user-ID value. Similarly, the effective group ID may be set to the value of the real group ID or the saved set-group-ID.

# RETURN VALUES

Upon success, these functions return 0; otherwise -1 is returned.

If the user is not the super user, or the uid specified is not the real, effective ID, or saved ID, these functions return -1.

# SEE ALSO

getgid(2), getgroups(2), getuid(2)

# STANDARDS

The `setuid`() and `setgid`() functions are compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-1990 (“POSIX.1”) specification with `_POSIX_SAVED_IDS` not defined. We do not implement the `_POSIX_SAVED_IDS` option as specified in the standard because this would make it impossible for a set-user-ID executable owned by a user other than the super-user to permanently revoke its privileges.

The `seteuid`() and `setegid`() functions are compliant with IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”).

# HISTORY

The `setuid`() and `setgid`() functions appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX and Version 4 AT&T UNIX, respectively.

September 2, 2019 | NetBSD 9.3