package oci

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/fs"
	"math"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"slices"
	"strings"
	"time"

	securejoin "github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin"
	imagev1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content/oci"

	"github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/util/versions"

	"github.com/argoproj/pkg/sync"
	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"

	"github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/util/cache"
	utilio "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/util/io"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/util/io/files"
	"github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/util/proxy"

	"oras.land/oras-go/v2"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/content/file"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/registry/remote"
	"oras.land/oras-go/v2/registry/remote/auth"
)

var (
	globalLock = sync.NewKeyLock()
	indexLock  = sync.NewKeyLock()
)

const (
	helmOCIConfigType = "application/vnd.cncf.helm.config.v1+json"
	helmOCILayerType  = "application/vnd.cncf.helm.chart.content.v1.tar+gzip"
)

var _ Client = &nativeOCIClient{}

type tagsCache interface {
	SetOCITags(repo string, indexData []byte) error
	GetOCITags(repo string, indexData *[]byte) error
}

// Client is a generic OCI client interface that provides methods for interacting with an OCI (Open Container Initiative) registry.
type Client interface {
	// ResolveRevision resolves a tag, digest, or semantic version constraint to a concrete digest.
	// If noCache is true, the resolution bypasses the local tags cache and queries the remote registry.
	// If the revision is already a digest, it is returned as-is.
	ResolveRevision(ctx context.Context, revision string, noCache bool) (string, error)

	// DigestMetadata retrieves an OCI manifest for a given digest.
	DigestMetadata(ctx context.Context, digest string) (*imagev1.Manifest, error)

	// CleanCache is invoked on a hard-refresh or when the manifest cache has expired. This removes the OCI image from
	// the cached path, which is looked up by the specified revision.
	CleanCache(revision string) error

	// Extract retrieves and unpacks the contents of an OCI image identified by the specified revision.
	// If successful, the extracted contents are extracted to a randomized tempdir.
	Extract(ctx context.Context, revision string) (string, utilio.Closer, error)

	// TestRepo verifies the connectivity and accessibility of the repository.
	TestRepo(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)

	// GetTags retrieves the list of tags for the repository.
	GetTags(ctx context.Context, noCache bool) ([]string, error)
}

type Creds struct {
	Username           string
	Password           string
	CAPath             string
	CertData           []byte
	KeyData            []byte
	InsecureSkipVerify bool
	InsecureHTTPOnly   bool
}

type ClientOpts func(c *nativeOCIClient)

func WithIndexCache(indexCache tagsCache) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *nativeOCIClient) {
		c.tagsCache = indexCache
	}
}

func WithImagePaths(repoCachePaths utilio.TempPaths) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *nativeOCIClient) {
		c.repoCachePaths = repoCachePaths
	}
}

func WithManifestMaxExtractedSize(manifestMaxExtractedSize int64) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *nativeOCIClient) {
		c.manifestMaxExtractedSize = manifestMaxExtractedSize
	}
}

func WithDisableManifestMaxExtractedSize(disableManifestMaxExtractedSize bool) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *nativeOCIClient) {
		c.disableManifestMaxExtractedSize = disableManifestMaxExtractedSize
	}
}

func NewClient(repoURL string, creds Creds, proxy, noProxy string, layerMediaTypes []string, opts ...ClientOpts) (Client, error) {
	return NewClientWithLock(repoURL, creds, globalLock, proxy, noProxy, layerMediaTypes, opts...)
}

func NewClientWithLock(repoURL string, creds Creds, repoLock sync.KeyLock, proxyURL, noProxy string, layerMediaTypes []string, opts ...ClientOpts) (Client, error) {
	ociRepo := strings.TrimPrefix(repoURL, "oci://")
	repo, err := remote.NewRepository(ociRepo)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize repository: %w", err)
	}

	repo.PlainHTTP = creds.InsecureHTTPOnly

	var tlsConf *tls.Config
	if !repo.PlainHTTP {
		tlsConf, err = newTLSConfig(creds)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed setup tlsConfig: %w", err)
		}
	}

	client := &http.Client{
		Transport: &http.Transport{
			Proxy:             proxy.GetCallback(proxyURL, noProxy),
			TLSClientConfig:   tlsConf,
			DisableKeepAlives: true,
		},
		/*
			CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
				return errors.New("redirects are not allowed")
			},
		*/
	}
	repo.Client = &auth.Client{
		Client: client,
		Cache:  nil,
		Credential: auth.StaticCredential(repo.Reference.Registry, auth.Credential{
			Username: creds.Username,
			Password: creds.Password,
		}),
	}

	parsed, err := url.Parse(repoURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse oci repo url: %w", err)
	}

	reg, err := remote.NewRegistry(parsed.Host)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to setup registry config: %w", err)
	}
	reg.PlainHTTP = repo.PlainHTTP
	reg.Client = repo.Client
	return newClientWithLock(ociRepo, repoLock, repo, func(ctx context.Context, last string) ([]string, error) {
		var t []string

		err := repo.Tags(ctx, last, func(tags []string) error {
			t = append(t, tags...)
			return nil
		})

		return t, err
	}, reg.Ping, layerMediaTypes, opts...), nil
}

func newClientWithLock(repoURL string, repoLock sync.KeyLock, repo oras.ReadOnlyTarget, tagsFunc func(context.Context, string) ([]string, error), pingFunc func(ctx context.Context) error, layerMediaTypes []string, opts ...ClientOpts) Client {
	c := &nativeOCIClient{
		repoURL:           repoURL,
		repoLock:          repoLock,
		repo:              repo,
		tagsFunc:          tagsFunc,
		pingFunc:          pingFunc,
		allowedMediaTypes: layerMediaTypes,
	}
	for i := range opts {
		opts[i](c)
	}
	return c
}

type EventHandlers struct {
	OnExtract             func(repo string) func()
	OnResolveRevision     func(repo string) func()
	OnDigestMetadata      func(repo string) func()
	OnTestRepo            func(repo string) func()
	OnGetTags             func(repo string) func()
	OnExtractFail         func(repo string) func(revision string)
	OnResolveRevisionFail func(repo string) func(revision string)
	OnDigestMetadataFail  func(repo string) func(revision string)
	OnTestRepoFail        func(repo string) func()
	OnGetTagsFail         func(repo string) func()
}

// nativeOCIClient implements Client interface using oras-go
type nativeOCIClient struct {
	EventHandlers

	repoURL                         string
	repo                            oras.ReadOnlyTarget
	tagsFunc                        func(context.Context, string) ([]string, error)
	repoLock                        sync.KeyLock
	tagsCache                       tagsCache
	repoCachePaths                  utilio.TempPaths
	allowedMediaTypes               []string
	manifestMaxExtractedSize        int64
	disableManifestMaxExtractedSize bool
	pingFunc                        func(ctx context.Context) error
}

// TestRepo verifies that the remote OCI repo can be connected to.
func (c *nativeOCIClient) TestRepo(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
	inc := c.OnTestRepo(c.repoURL)
	defer inc()
	// Currently doesn't do anything in regard to measuring spans, but keep it consistent with OnTestRepo()
	fail := c.OnTestRepoFail(c.repoURL)
	err := c.pingFunc(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		fail()
	}
	return err == nil, err
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) Extract(ctx context.Context, digest string) (string, utilio.Closer, error) {
	inc := c.OnExtract(c.repoURL)
	defer inc()
	// Currently doesn't do anything in regard to measuring spans, but keep it consistent with OnExtract()
	fail := c.OnExtractFail(c.repoURL)
	extract, closer, err := c.extract(ctx, digest)
	if err != nil {
		fail(digest)
	}
	return extract, closer, err
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) extract(ctx context.Context, digest string) (string, utilio.Closer, error) {
	cachedPath, err := c.getCachedPath(digest)
	if err != nil {
		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting oci path for digest %s: %w", digest, err)
	}

	c.repoLock.Lock(cachedPath)
	defer c.repoLock.Unlock(cachedPath)

	exists, err := fileExists(cachedPath)
	if err != nil {
		return "", nil, err
	}

	var isHelmChart bool

	if !exists {
		ociManifest, err := getOCIManifest(ctx, digest, c.repo)
		if err != nil {
			return "", nil, err
		}

		// Add a guard to defend against a ridiculous amount of layers. No idea what a good amount is, but normally we
		// shouldn't expect more than 2-3 in most real world use cases.
		if len(ociManifest.Layers) > 10 {
			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("expected no more than 10 oci layers, got %d", len(ociManifest.Layers))
		}

		isHelmChart = ociManifest.Config.MediaType == helmOCIConfigType

		contentLayers := 0

		// Strictly speaking we only allow for a single content layer. There are images which contains extra layers, such
		// as provenance/attestation layers. Pending a better story to do this natively, we will skip such layers for now.
		for _, layer := range ociManifest.Layers {
			// For Helm charts, only look for the specific Helm chart content layer
			if isHelmChart {
				if isHelmOCI(layer.MediaType) {
					if !slices.Contains(c.allowedMediaTypes, layer.MediaType) {
						return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("oci layer media type %s is not in the list of allowed media types", layer.MediaType)
					}
					contentLayers++
				}
			} else if isContentLayer(layer.MediaType) {
				if !slices.Contains(c.allowedMediaTypes, layer.MediaType) {
					return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("oci layer media type %s is not in the list of allowed media types", layer.MediaType)
				}
				contentLayers++
			}
		}

		if contentLayers != 1 {
			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("expected only a single oci content layer, got %d", contentLayers)
		}

		err = saveCompressedImageToPath(ctx, digest, c.repo, cachedPath)
		if err != nil {
			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("could not save oci digest %s: %w", digest, err)
		}
	}

	maxSize := c.manifestMaxExtractedSize
	if c.disableManifestMaxExtractedSize {
		maxSize = math.MaxInt64
	}

	if !isHelmChart {
		// Get the manifest to determine if it's a Helm chart for extraction
		ociManifest, err := getOCIManifestFromCache(ctx, cachedPath, digest)
		if err != nil {
			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting oci manifest for extraction: %w", err)
		}
		isHelmChart = ociManifest.Config.MediaType == helmOCIConfigType
	}
	manifestsDir, err := extractContentToManifestsDir(ctx, cachedPath, digest, maxSize, isHelmChart)
	if err != nil {
		return manifestsDir, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot extract contents of oci image with revision %s: %w", digest, err)
	}

	return manifestsDir, utilio.NewCloser(func() error {
		return os.RemoveAll(manifestsDir)
	}), nil
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) getCachedPath(version string) (string, error) {
	keyData, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"url": c.repoURL, "version": version})
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return c.repoCachePaths.GetPath(string(keyData))
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) CleanCache(revision string) error {
	cachePath, err := c.getCachedPath(revision)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("error cleaning oci path for revision %s: %w", revision, err)
	}
	return os.RemoveAll(cachePath)
}

// DigestMetadata extracts the OCI manifest for a given revision and returns it to the caller.
func (c *nativeOCIClient) DigestMetadata(ctx context.Context, digest string) (*imagev1.Manifest, error) {
	inc := c.OnDigestMetadata(c.repoURL)
	defer inc()
	// Currently doesn't do anything in regard to measuring spans, but keep it consistent with OnDigestMetadata()
	fail := c.OnDigestMetadataFail(c.repoURL)
	metadata, err := c.digestMetadata(ctx, digest)
	if err != nil {
		fail(digest)
	}
	return metadata, err
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) digestMetadata(ctx context.Context, digest string) (*imagev1.Manifest, error) {
	path, err := c.getCachedPath(digest)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching oci metadata path for digest %s: %w", digest, err)
	}
	return getOCIManifestFromCache(ctx, path, digest)
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) ResolveRevision(ctx context.Context, revision string, noCache bool) (string, error) {
	inc := c.OnResolveRevision(c.repoURL)
	defer inc()
	// Currently doesn't do anything in regard to measuring spans, but keep it consistent with OnResolveRevision()
	fail := c.OnResolveRevisionFail(c.repoURL)
	resolveRevision, err := c.resolveRevision(ctx, revision, noCache)
	if err != nil {
		fail(revision)
	}
	return resolveRevision, err
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) resolveRevision(ctx context.Context, revision string, noCache bool) (string, error) {
	digest, err := c.resolveDigest(ctx, revision) // Lookup explicit revision
	if err != nil {
		// If the revision is not a semver constraint, just return the error
		if !versions.IsConstraint(revision) {
			return digest, err
		}

		tags, err := c.GetTags(ctx, noCache)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("error fetching tags: %w", err)
		}

		// Look to see if revision is a semver constraint
		version, err := versions.MaxVersion(revision, tags)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("no version for constraints: %w", err)
		}
		// Look up the digest for the resolved version
		return c.resolveDigest(ctx, version)
	}

	return digest, nil
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) GetTags(ctx context.Context, noCache bool) ([]string, error) {
	inc := c.OnGetTags(c.repoURL)
	defer inc()
	// Currently doesn't do anything in regard to measuring spans, but keep it consistent with OnGetTags()
	fail := c.OnGetTagsFail(c.repoURL)
	tags, err := c.getTags(ctx, noCache)
	if err != nil {
		fail()
	}
	return tags, err
}

func (c *nativeOCIClient) getTags(ctx context.Context, noCache bool) ([]string, error) {
	indexLock.Lock(c.repoURL)
	defer indexLock.Unlock(c.repoURL)

	var data []byte
	if !noCache && c.tagsCache != nil {
		if err := c.tagsCache.GetOCITags(c.repoURL, &data); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, cache.ErrCacheMiss) {
			log.Warnf("Failed to load index cache for repo: %s: %s", c.repoLock, err)
		}
	}

	var tags []string
	if len(data) == 0 {
		start := time.Now()
		result, err := c.tagsFunc(ctx, "")
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get tags: %w", err)
		}

		for _, tag := range result {
			// By convention: Change underscore (_) back to plus (+) to get valid SemVer
			convertedTag := strings.ReplaceAll(tag, "_", "+")
			tags = append(tags, convertedTag)
		}

		log.WithFields(
			log.Fields{"seconds": time.Since(start).Seconds(), "repo": c.repoURL},
		).Info("took to get tags")

		if c.tagsCache != nil {
			if err := c.tagsCache.SetOCITags(c.repoURL, data); err != nil {
				log.Warnf("Failed to store tags list cache for repo: %s: %s", c.repoURL, err)
			}
		}
	} else if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tags); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode tags: %w", err)
	}

	return tags, nil
}

// resolveDigest resolves a digest from a tag.
func (c *nativeOCIClient) resolveDigest(ctx context.Context, revision string) (string, error) {
	descriptor, err := c.repo.Resolve(ctx, revision)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot get digest for revision %s: %w", revision, err)
	}

	return descriptor.Digest.String(), nil
}

func newTLSConfig(creds Creds) (*tls.Config, error) {
	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: creds.InsecureSkipVerify}

	if creds.CAPath != "" {
		caData, err := os.ReadFile(creds.CAPath)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		caCertPool := x509.NewCertPool()
		caCertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caData)
		tlsConfig.RootCAs = caCertPool
	}

	// If a client cert & key is provided then configure TLS config accordingly.
	if len(creds.CertData) > 0 && len(creds.KeyData) > 0 {
		cert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(creds.CertData, creds.KeyData)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{cert}
	}
	//nolint:staticcheck
	tlsConfig.BuildNameToCertificate()

	return tlsConfig, nil
}

func fileExists(filePath string) (bool, error) {
	if _, err := os.Stat(filePath); err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return false, nil
		}
		return false, err
	}
	return true, nil
}

// TODO: A content layer could in theory be something that is not a compressed file, e.g a single yaml file or like.
// While IMO the utility in the context of Argo CD is limited, I'd at least like to make it known here and add an extensibility
// point for it in case we decide to loosen the current requirements.
func isContentLayer(mediaType string) bool {
	return isCompressedLayer(mediaType)
}

func isCompressedLayer(mediaType string) bool {
	// TODO: Is zstd something which is used in the wild? For now let's stick to these suffixes
	return strings.HasSuffix(mediaType, "tar+gzip") || strings.HasSuffix(mediaType, "tar.gzip") || strings.HasSuffix(mediaType, "tar")
}

func createTarFile(from, to string) error {
	f, err := os.Create(to)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err = files.Tar(from, nil, nil, f); err != nil {
		_ = os.RemoveAll(to)
	}
	return f.Close()
}

// saveCompressedImageToPath downloads a remote OCI image on a given digest and stores it as a TAR file in cachedPath.
func saveCompressedImageToPath(ctx context.Context, digest string, repo oras.ReadOnlyTarget, cachedPath string) error {
	tempDir, err := files.CreateTempDir(os.TempDir())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)

	store, err := oci.New(tempDir)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Copy remote repo at the given digest to the scratch dir.
	if _, err = oras.Copy(ctx, repo, digest, store, digest, oras.DefaultCopyOptions); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Remove redundant ingest folder; this is an artifact from the oras.Copy call above
	err = os.RemoveAll(path.Join(tempDir, "ingest"))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Save contents to tar file
	return createTarFile(tempDir, cachedPath)
}

// extractContentToManifestsDir looks up a locally stored OCI image, and extracts the embedded compressed layer which contains
// K8s manifests to a temp dir.
func extractContentToManifestsDir(ctx context.Context, cachedPath, digest string, maxSize int64, isHelmChart bool) (string, error) {
	manifestsDir, err := files.CreateTempDir(os.TempDir())
	if err != nil {
		return manifestsDir, err
	}

	ociReadOnlyStore, err := oci.NewFromTar(ctx, cachedPath)
	if err != nil {
		return manifestsDir, err
	}

	tempDir, err := files.CreateTempDir(os.TempDir())
	if err != nil {
		return manifestsDir, err
	}
	defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)

	fs, err := newCompressedLayerFileStore(manifestsDir, tempDir, maxSize, isHelmChart)
	if err != nil {
		return manifestsDir, err
	}
	defer fs.Close()

	// copies the whole artifact to the tempdir, here compressedLayerFileStore.Push will be called
	_, err = oras.Copy(ctx, ociReadOnlyStore, digest, fs, digest, oras.DefaultCopyOptions)
	return manifestsDir, err
}

type compressedLayerExtracterStore struct {
	*file.Store
	dest        string
	maxSize     int64
	isHelmChart bool
}

func newCompressedLayerFileStore(dest, tempDir string, maxSize int64, isHelmChart bool) (*compressedLayerExtracterStore, error) {
	f, err := file.New(tempDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &compressedLayerExtracterStore{f, dest, maxSize, isHelmChart}, nil
}

func isHelmOCI(mediaType string) bool {
	return mediaType == helmOCILayerType
}

// Push looks in all the layers of an OCI image. Once it finds a layer that is compressed, it extracts the layer to a tempDir
// and then renames the temp dir to the directory where the repo-server expects to find k8s manifests.
func (s *compressedLayerExtracterStore) Push(ctx context.Context, desc imagev1.Descriptor, content io.Reader) error {
	// For Helm charts, only extract the Helm chart content layer, skip all other layers
	if s.isHelmChart && !isHelmOCI(desc.MediaType) {
		return s.Store.Push(ctx, desc, content)
	}

	if isContentLayer(desc.MediaType) {
		srcDir, err := files.CreateTempDir(os.TempDir())
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		defer os.RemoveAll(srcDir)

		if strings.HasSuffix(desc.MediaType, "tar+gzip") || strings.HasSuffix(desc.MediaType, "tar.gzip") {
			err = files.Untgz(srcDir, content, s.maxSize, false)
		} else {
			err = files.Untar(srcDir, content, s.maxSize, false)
		}

		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not decompress layer: %w", err)
		}

		if isHelmOCI(desc.MediaType) {
			infos, err := os.ReadDir(srcDir)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// For a Helm chart we expect a single directory
			if len(infos) != 1 || !infos[0].IsDir() {
				return fmt.Errorf("expected 1 directory, found %v", len(infos))
			}

			// For Helm charts, we will move the contents of the unpacked directory to the root of its final destination
			srcDir, err = securejoin.SecureJoin(srcDir, infos[0].Name())
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		return filepath.WalkDir(srcDir, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, _ error) error {
			if path != srcDir {
				// Calculate the relative path from srcDir
				relPath, err := filepath.Rel(srcDir, path)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}

				dstPath, err := securejoin.SecureJoin(s.dest, relPath)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}

				// Move the file by renaming it
				if d.IsDir() {
					info, err := d.Info()
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}

					return os.MkdirAll(dstPath, info.Mode())
				}

				return os.Rename(path, dstPath)
			}

			return nil
		})
	}

	return s.Store.Push(ctx, desc, content)
}

func getOCIManifest(ctx context.Context, digest string, repo oras.ReadOnlyTarget) (*imagev1.Manifest, error) {
	desc, err := repo.Resolve(ctx, digest)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error resolving oci repo from digest, %w", err)
	}

	rc, err := repo.Fetch(ctx, desc)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching oci manifest for digest %s: %w", digest, err)
	}

	manifest := imagev1.Manifest{}
	decoder := json.NewDecoder(rc)
	if err = decoder.Decode(&manifest); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error decoding oci manifest for digest %s: %w", digest, err)
	}

	return &manifest, nil
}

// getOCIManifestFromCache retrieves an OCI manifest from a cached tar file
func getOCIManifestFromCache(ctx context.Context, cachedPath, digest string) (*imagev1.Manifest, error) {
	repo, err := oci.NewFromTar(ctx, cachedPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating oci store from cache: %w", err)
	}
	return getOCIManifest(ctx, digest, repo)
}

// WithEventHandlers sets the git client event handlers
func WithEventHandlers(handlers EventHandlers) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *nativeOCIClient) {
		c.EventHandlers = handlers
	}
}
