MOUNT(2)

NAME
mount, umount, umount2 - mount and unmount filesystems

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/mount.h>

int mount(const char *source, const char *target,
          const char *filesystemtype, unsigned long mountflags,
          const void *data);

int umount(const char *target);

int umount2(const char *target, int flags);

DESCRIPTION
mount() attaches the filesystem specified by source (which is often a device name, but can also be a directory name or a dummy) to the directory specified by target. umount() and umount2() remove the attachment of the (topmost) filesystem mounted on target. Appropriate privilege (Linux: the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability) is required to mount and unmount filesystems. Since Linux 2.4 a single filesystem can be visible at multiple mount points, and multiple mounts can be stacked on the same mount point. Values for the filesystemtype argument supported by the kernel are listed in /proc/filesystems (like "minix", "ext2", "msdos", "proc", "nfs", "iso9660" etc.). Further types may become available when the appropriate modules are loaded. The mountflags argument may have the magic number 0xC0ED (MS_MGC_VAL) in the top 16 bits (this was required in kernel versions prior to 2.4, but is no longer required and ignored if specified), and various mount flags (as defined in <linux/fs.h> for libc4 and libc5 and in <sys/mount.h> for glibc2) in the low order 16 bits:

MS_BIND (Linux 2.4 onwards)
    Perform a bind mount, making a file or a directory subtree visible at another point within a file system. Bind mounts may cross file system boundaries and span chroot(2) jails. The filesystemtype, mountflags, and data arguments are ignored.

MS_DIRSYNC (since Linux 2.5.19)
    Make directory changes on this file system synchronous. (This property can be obtained for individual directories or subtrees using chattr(8).)

MS_MANDLOCK
    Permit mandatory locking on files in this file system. (Mandatory locking must still be enabled on a per-file basis, as described in fcntl(2).)

MS_MOVE
    Move a subtree. source specifies an existing mount point and target specifies the new location. The move is atomic: at no point is the subtree unmounted. The filesystemtype, mountflags, and data arguments are ignored.

MS_NOATIME
    Do not update access times for (all types of) files on this file system.

MS_NODEV
    Do not allow access to devices (special files) on this file system.

MS_NODIRATIME
    Do not update access times for directories on this file system.

MS_NOEXEC
    Do not allow programs to be executed from this file system.

MS_NOSUID
    Do not honor set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits when executing programs from this file system.

MS_RDONLY
    Mount file system read-only.

MS_RELATIME (Since Linux 2.6.20)
    When a file on this file system is accessed, only update the file's last accessed time (atime) if the current value of atime is less than or equal to the file's last modified (mtime) or last status change time (ctime). This option is useful for programs, such as mutt(1), that need to know when a file has been read since it was last modified.

MS_REMOUNT
    Remount an existing mount. This allows you to change the mountflags and data of an existing mount without having to unmount and remount the file system. source and target should be the same values specified in the initial mount() call; filesystemtype is ignored. The following mountflags can be changed: MS_RDONLY, MS_SYNCHRONOUS, MS_MANDLOCK; before kernel 2.6.16, the following could also be changed: MS_NOATIME and MS_NODIRATIME; and, additionally, before kernel 2.4, the following could also be changed: MS_NOSUID, MS_NODEV, MS_NOEXEC.

MS_SYNCHRONOUS
    Make writes on this file system synchronous (as though the O_SYNC flag to open(2) was specified for all file opens to this file system).

From Linux 2.4 onwards, the MS_NODEV, MS_NOEXEC, and MS_NOSUID flags are settable on a per-mount-point basis. From kernel 2.6.16 onwards, MS_NOATIME and MS_NODIRATIME are also settable on a per-mount-point basis. The MS_RELATIME flag is also settable on a per-mount-point basis.

The data argument is interpreted by the different file systems. Typically it is a string of comma-separated options understood by this file system. See mount(8) for details of the options available for each filesystem type.

Linux 2.1.116 added the umount2() system call, which, like umount(), unmounts a target, but allows additional flags controlling the behavior of the operation:

MNT_FORCE (since Linux 2.1.116)
    Force unmount even if busy. This can cause data loss. (Only for NFS mounts.)

MNT_DETACH (since Linux 2.4.11)
    Perform a lazy unmount: make the mount point unavailable for new accesses, and actually perform the unmount when the mount point ceases to be busy.

MNT_EXPIRE (since Linux 2.6.8)
    Mark the mount point as expired. If a mount point is not currently in use, then an initial call to umount2() with this flag fails with the error EAGAIN, but marks the mount point as expired. The mount point remains expired as long as it isn't accessed by any process. A second umount2() call specifying MNT_EXPIRE unmounts an expired mount point. This flag cannot be specified with either MNT_FORCE or MNT_DETACH.

RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

ERRORS
The error values given below result from filesystem type independent errors. Each filesystem type may have its own special errors and its own special behavior. See the kernel source code for details.

EACCES
    A component of a path was not searchable. (See also path_resolution(7).) Or, mounting a read-only filesystem was attempted without giving the MS_RDONLY flag. Or, the block device source is located on a filesystem mounted with the MS_NODEV option.

EAGAIN
    A call to umount2() specifying MNT_EXPIRE successfully marked an unbusy file system as expired.

EBUSY
    source is already mounted. Or, it cannot be remounted read-only, because it still holds files open for writing. Or, it cannot be mounted on target because target is still busy (it is the working directory of some task, the mount point of another device, has open files, etc.). Or, it could not be unmounted because it is busy.

EFAULT
    One of the pointer arguments points outside the user address space.

EINVAL
    source had an invalid superblock. Or, a remount (MS_REMOUNT) was attempted, but source was not already mounted on target. Or, a move (MS_MOVE) was attempted, but source was not a mount point, or was '/'. Or, an unmount was attempted, but target was not a mount point. Or, umount2() was called with MNT_EXPIRE and either MNT_DETACH or MNT_FORCE.

ELOOP
    Too many link encountered during pathname resolution. Or, a move was attempted, while target is a descendant of source.

EMFILE
    (In case no block device is required:) Table of dummy devices is full.

ENAMETOOLONG
    A pathname was longer than MAXPATHLEN.

ENODEV
    filesystemtype not configured in the kernel.

ENOENT
    A pathname was empty or had a nonexistent component.

ENOMEM
    The kernel could not allocate a free page to copy filenames or data into.

ENOTBLK
    source is not a block device (and a device was required).

ENOTDIR
    The second argument, or a prefix of the first argument, is not a directory.

ENXIO
    The major number of the block device source is out of range.

EPERM
    The caller does not have the required privileges.

CONFORMING TO
These functions are Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.

NOTES

  Linux Notes
The original umount() function was called as umount(device) and would return ENOTBLK when called with something other than a block device. In Linux 0.98p4 a call umount(dir) was added, in order to support anonymous devices. In Linux 2.3.99-pre7 the call umount(device) was removed, leaving only umount(dir) (since now devices can be mounted in more than one place, so specifying the device does not suffice).

The original MS_SYNC flag was renamed MS_SYNCHRONOUS in 1.1.69 when a different MS_SYNC was added to <mman.h>.

Before Linux 2.4 an attempt to execute a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program on a filesystem mounted with MS_NOSUID would fail with EPERM. Since Linux 2.4 the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are just silently ignored in this case.

SEE ALSO
path_resolution(7), mount(8), umount(8)