Force feedback for Linux.
By Johann Deneux <deneux@ifrance.com> on 2001/04/22.
You may redistribute this file. Please remember to include shape.fig and
interactive.fig as well.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

0. Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This document describes how to use force feedback devices under Linux. The
goal is not to support these devices as if they were simple input-only devices
(as it is already the case), but to really enable the rendering of force
effects.
At the moment, only I-Force devices are supported, and not officially. That
means I had to find out how the protocol works on my own. Of course, the
information I managed to grasp is far from being complete, and I can not
guarranty that this driver will work for you.
This document only describes the force feedback part of the driver for I-Force
devices. Please read joystick.txt before reading further this document.

2. Instructions to the user
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here are instructions on how to compile and use the driver. In fact, this
driver is the normal iforce.o, input.o and evdev.o drivers written by Vojtech
Pavlik, plus additions to support force feedback.

Before you start, let me WARN you that some devices shake violently during the
initialisation phase. This happens for example with my "AVB Top Shot Pegasus".
To stop this annoying behaviour, move you joystick to its limits. Anyway, you
should keep a hand on your device, in order to avoid it to brake down if
something goes wrong.

At the kernel's compilation:
	- Enable IForce/Serial
	- Enable Event interface

Compile the modules, install them.

You also need inputattach.

You then need to insert the modules into the following order:
% modprobe joydev
% modprobe serport		# Only for serial
% modprobe iforce
% modprobe evdev
% ./inputattach -ifor $2 &	# Only for serial
If you are using USB, you don't need the inputattach step.

Please check that you have all the /dev/input entries needed:
cd /dev
rm js*
mkdir input
mknod input/js0 c 13 0
mknod input/js1 c 13 1
mknod input/js2 c 13 2
mknod input/js3 c 13 3
ln -s input/js0 js0
ln -s input/js1 js1
ln -s input/js2 js2
ln -s input/js3 js3

mknod input/event0 c 13 64
mknod input/event1 c 13 65
mknod input/event2 c 13 66
mknod input/event3 c 13 67

2.1 Does it work ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver.
% fftest /dev/input/eventXX

3. Instructions to the developper
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl()
and write() on /dev/input/eventXX.
  This information is subject to change.

3.1 Querying device capabilities
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

unsigned long features[1 + FF_MAX/sizeof(unsigned long)];
int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, unsigned long *features);

"request" must be EVIOCGBIT(EV_FF, size of features array in bytes )

Returns the features supported by the device. features is a bitfield with the
following bits:
- FF_X		has an X axis (usually joysticks)
- FF_Y		has an Y axis (usually joysticks)
- FF_WHEEL	has a wheel (usually sterring wheels)
- FF_CONSTANT	can render constant force effects
- FF_PERIODIC	can render periodic effects (sine, triangle, square...)
- FF_RAMP       can render ramp effects
- FF_SPRING	can simulate the presence of a spring
- FF_FRICTION	can simulate friction 
- FF_DAMPER	can simulate damper effects
- FF_RUMBLE	rumble effects (normally the only effect supported by rumble
		pads)
- FF_INERTIA    can simulate inertia


int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCGEFFECTS, int *n);

Returns the number of effects the device can keep in its memory.

3.2 Uploading effects to the device
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 
int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, struct ff_effect *effect);

"request" must be EVIOCSFF.

"effect" points to a structure describing the effect to upload. The effect is
uploaded, but not played.
The content of effect may be modified. In particular, its field "id" is set
to the unique id assigned by the driver. This data is required for performing
some operations (removing an effect, controlling the playback).
This if field must be set to -1 by the user in order to tell the driver to
allocate a new effect.
See <linux/input.h> for a description of the ff_effect stuct. You should also
find help in a few sketches, contained in files shape.fig and interactive.fig.
You need xfig to visualize these files.

3.3 Removing an effect from the device
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCRMFF, effect.id);

This makes room for new effects in the device's memory. Please note this won't
stop the effect if it was playing.

3.4 Controlling the playback of effects
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Control of playing is done with write(). Below is an example:

#include <linux/input.h>
#include <unistd.h>

	struct input_event play;
	struct input_event stop;
	struct ff_effect effect;
	int fd;
...
	fd = open("/dev/input/eventXX", O_RDWR);
...
	/* Play three times */
	play.type = EV_FF;
	play.code = effect.id;
	play.value = 3;
	
	write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(play));
...
	/* Stop an effect */
	stop.type = EV_FF;
	stop.code = effect.id;
	stop.value = 0;
	
	write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(stop));

3.5 Setting the gain
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Not all devices have the same strength. Therefore, users should set a gain
factor depending on how strong they want effects to be. This setting is
persistent accross access to the driver, so you should not care about it if
you are writing games, as another utility probably already set this for you.

/* Set the gain of the device
int gain;		/* between 0 and 100 */
struct input_event ie;	/* structure used to communicate with the driver */

ie.type = EV_FF;
ie.code = FF_GAIN;
ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * gain / 100;

if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
	perror("set gain");

3.6 Enabling/Disabling autocenter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The autocenter feature quite disturbs the rendering of effects in my opinion,
and I think it should be an effect, which computation depends on the game
type. But you can enable it if you want.

int autocenter;		/* between 0 and 100 */
struct input_event ie;

ie.type = EV_FF;
ie.code = FF_AUTOCENTER;
ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * autocenter / 100;

if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
	perror("set auto-center");

A value of 0 means "no auto-center".

3.7 Dynamic update of an effect
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Proceed as if you wanted to upload a new effect, except that instead of
setting the id field to -1, you set it to the wanted effect id.
Normally, the effect is not stopped and restarted. However, depending on the
type of device, not all paramaters can be dynamically updated. For example,
the direction of an effect cannot be updated with iforce devices. In this
case, the driver stops the effect, up-load it, and restart it.


3.8 Information about the status of effects
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Every time the status of an effect is changed, an event is sent. The values
and meanings of the fields of the event are as follows:
struct input_event {
/* When the status of the effect changed */
	struct timeval time;

/* Set to EV_FF_STATUS */
	unsigned short type;

/* Contains the id of the effect */
	unsigned short code;

/* Indicates the status */
	unsigned int value;
};

FF_STATUS_STOPPED	The effect stopped playing
FF_STATUS_PLAYING	The effect started to play
