# ISDB-T frontend

This section describes shortly what are the possible parameters in the Linux DVB-API called "S2API" and now DVB API 5 in order to tune an ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb demodulator:

This ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb API extension should reflect all information needed to tune any ISDB-T/ISDB-Tsb hardware. Of course it is possible that some very sophisticated devices won't need certain parameters to tune.

The information given here should help application writers to know how to handle ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb hardware using the Linux DVB-API.

The details given here about ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb are just enough to basically show the dependencies between the needed parameter values, but surely some information is left out. For more detailed information see the following documents:

ARIB STD-B31 - "Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting" and

ARIB TR-B14 - "Operational Guidelines for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting".

In order to read this document one has to have some knowledge the channel structure in ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb. I.e. it has to be known to the reader that an ISDB-T channel consists of 13 segments, that it can have up to 3 layer sharing those segments, and things like that.

Parameters used by ISDB-T and ISDB-Tsb.

## Parameters that are common with DVB-T and ATSC

### `DTV_FREQUENCY`

Central frequency of the channel.

For ISDB-T the channels are usally transmitted with an offset of 143kHz. E.g. a valid frequncy could be 474143 kHz. The stepping is bound to the bandwidth of the channel which is 6MHz.

As in ISDB-Tsb the channel consists of only one or three segments the frequency step is 429kHz, 3*429 respectively. As for ISDB-T the central frequency of the channel is expected.

### `DTV_BANDWIDTH_HZ` (optional)

Possible values:

For ISDB-T it should be always 6000000Hz (6MHz)

For ISDB-Tsb it can vary depending on the number of connected segments

Note: Hardware specific values might be given here, but standard applications should not bother to set a value to this field as standard demods are ignoring it anyway.

Bandwidth in ISDB-T is fixed (6MHz) or can be easily derived from other parameters (DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX, DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT).

### `DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM`

Possible values: `SYS_ISDBT`

### `DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE`

ISDB-T supports three carrier/symbol-size: 8K, 4K, 2K. It is called 'mode' in the standard: Mode 1 is 2K, mode 2 is 4K, mode 3 is 8K

Possible values: `TRANSMISSION_MODE_2K`, `TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K`, `TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO`, `TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K`

If `DTV_TRANSMISSION_MODE` is set the `TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO` the hardware will try to find the correct FFT-size (if capable) and will use TMCC to fill in the missing parameters.

`TRANSMISSION_MODE_4K` is added at the same time as the other new parameters.

### `DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL`

Possible values: `GUARD_INTERVAL_1_32`, `GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16`, `GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8`, `GUARD_INTERVAL_1_4`, `GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO`

If `DTV_GUARD_INTERVAL` is set the `GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO` the hardware will try to find the correct guard interval (if capable) and will use TMCC to fill in the missing parameters.

## ISDB-T only parameters

### `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION`

`If DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` is '0' this bit-field represents whether the channel is in partial reception mode or not.

If '1' `DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_*` values are assigned to the center segment and `DTV_ISDBT_LAYERA_SEGMENT_COUNT` has to be '1'.

If in addition `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` is '1' `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION` represents whether this ISDB-Tsb channel is consisting of one segment and layer or three segments and two layers.

Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)

### `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING`

This field represents whether the other DTV_ISDBT_*-parameters are referring to an ISDB-T and an ISDB-Tsb channel. (See also `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION`).

Possible values: 0, 1, -1 (AUTO)

### `DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID`

This field only applies if `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` is '1'.

(Note of the author: This might not be the correct description of the `SUBCHANNEL-ID` in all details, but it is my understanding of the technical background needed to program a device)

An ISDB-Tsb channel (1 or 3 segments) can be broadcasted alone or in a set of connected ISDB-Tsb channels. In this set of channels every channel can be received independently. The number of connected ISDB-Tsb segment can vary, e.g. depending on the frequency spectrum bandwidth available.

Example: Assume 8 ISDB-Tsb connected segments are broadcasted. The broadcaster has several possibilities to put those channels in the air: Assuming a normal 13-segment ISDB-T spectrum he can align the 8 segments from position 1-8 to 5-13 or anything in between.

The underlying layer of segments are subchannels: each segment is consisting of several subchannels with a predefined IDs. A sub-channel is used to help the demodulator to synchronize on the channel.

An ISDB-T channel is always centered over all sub-channels. As for the example above, in ISDB-Tsb it is no longer as simple as that.

`The DTV_ISDBT_SB_SUBCHANNEL_ID` parameter is used to give the sub-channel ID of the segment to be demodulated.

Possible values: 0 .. 41, -1 (AUTO)

### `DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX`

This field only applies if `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` is '1'.

`DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_IDX` gives the index of the segment to be demodulated for an ISDB-Tsb channel where several of them are transmitted in the connected manner.

Possible values: 0 .. `DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT` - 1

Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.

### `DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT`

This field only applies if `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` is '1'.

`DTV_ISDBT_SB_SEGMENT_COUNT` gives the total count of connected ISDB-Tsb channels.

Possible values: 1 .. 13

Note: This value cannot be determined by an automatic channel search.

### Hierarchical layers

ISDB-T channels can be coded hierarchically. As opposed to DVB-T in ISDB-T hierarchical layers can be decoded simultaneously. For that reason a ISDB-T demodulator has 3 viterbi and 3 reed-solomon-decoders.

ISDB-T has 3 hierarchical layers which each can use a part of the available segments. The total number of segments over all layers has to 13 in ISDB-T.

#### `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED`

Hierarchical reception in ISDB-T is achieved by enabling or disabling layers in the decoding process. Setting all bits of `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED` to '1' forces all layers (if applicable) to be demodulated. This is the default.

If the channel is in the partial reception mode (`DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION` = 1) the central segment can be decoded independently of the other 12 segments. In that mode layer A has to have a `SEGMENT_COUNT` of 1.

In ISDB-Tsb only layer A is used, it can be 1 or 3 in ISDB-Tsb according to `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION`. `SEGMENT_COUNT` must be filled accordingly.

Possible values: 0x1, 0x2, 0x4 (|-able)

`DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[0:0]` - layer A

`DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[1:1]` - layer B

`DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[2:2]` - layer C

`DTV_ISDBT_LAYER_ENABLED[31:3]` unused

#### `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_FEC`

Possible values: `FEC_AUTO`, `FEC_1_2`, `FEC_2_3`, `FEC_3_4`, `FEC_5_6`, `FEC_7_8`

#### `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_MODULATION`

Possible values: `QAM_AUTO`, QP`SK, QAM_16`, `QAM_64`, `DQPSK`

Note: If layer C is `DQPSK` layer B has to be `DQPSK`. If layer B is `DQPSK` and `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION`=0 layer has to be `DQPSK`.

#### `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_SEGMENT_COUNT`

Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, -1 (AUTO)

Note: Truth table for `DTV_ISDBT_SOUND_BROADCASTING` and `DTV_ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION` and `LAYER`*_SEGMENT_COUNT

PR | SB | Layer A width | Layer B width | Layer C width | total width
0 | 0 | 1 .. 13 | 1 .. 13 | 1 .. 13 | 13
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 .. 13 | 1 .. 13 | 13
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 13

#### `DTV_ISDBT_LAYER*_TIME_INTERLEAVING`

Possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, -1 (AUTO)

Note: The real inter-leaver depth-names depend on the mode (fft-size); the values here are referring to what can be found in the TMCC-structure - independent of the mode.