OMAP 3 Image Signal Processor (ISP) driver

Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation
Copyright (C) 2009 Texas Instruments, Inc.

Contacts: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
	  Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@iki.fi>
	  David Cohen <dacohen@gmail.com>


Introduction
============

This file documents the Texas Instruments OMAP 3 Image Signal Processor (ISP)
driver located under drivers/media/video/omap3isp. The original driver was
written by Texas Instruments but since that it has been rewritten (twice) at
Nokia.

The driver has been successfully used on the following versions of OMAP 3:

	3430
	3530
	3630

The driver implements V4L2, Media controller and v4l2_subdev interfaces.
Sensor, lens and flash drivers using the v4l2_subdev interface in the kernel
are supported.


Split to subdevs
================

The OMAP 3 ISP is split into V4L2 subdevs, each of the blocks inside the ISP
having one subdev to represent it. Each of the subdevs provide a V4L2 subdev
interface to userspace.

	OMAP3 ISP CCP2
	OMAP3 ISP CSI2a
	OMAP3 ISP CCDC
	OMAP3 ISP preview
	OMAP3 ISP resizer
	OMAP3 ISP AEWB
	OMAP3 ISP AF
	OMAP3 ISP histogram

Each possible link in the ISP is modelled by a link in the Media controller
interface. For an example program see [2].


Controlling the OMAP 3 ISP
==========================

In general, the settings given to the OMAP 3 ISP take effect at the beginning
of the following frame. This is done when the module becomes idle during the
vertical blanking period on the sensor. In memory-to-memory operation the pipe
is run one frame at a time. Applying the settings is done between the frames.

All the blocks in the ISP, excluding the CSI-2 and possibly the CCP2 receiver,
insist on receiving complete frames. Sensors must thus never send the ISP
partial frames.

Autoidle does have issues with some ISP blocks on the 3430, at least.
Autoidle is only enabled on 3630 when the omap3isp module parameter autoidle
is non-zero.


Events
======

The OMAP 3 ISP driver does support the V4L2 event interface on CCDC and
statistics (AEWB, AF and histogram) subdevs.

The CCDC subdev produces V4L2_EVENT_FRAME_SYNC type event on HS_VS
interrupt which is used to signal frame start. Earlier version of this
driver used V4L2_EVENT_OMAP3ISP_HS_VS for this purpose. The event is
triggered exactly when the reception of the first line of the frame starts
in the CCDC module. The event can be subscribed on the CCDC subdev.

(When using parallel interface one must pay account to correct configuration
of the VS signal polarity. This is automatically correct when using the serial
receivers.)

Each of the statistics subdevs is able to produce events. An event is
generated whenever a statistics buffer can be dequeued by a user space
application using the VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_STAT_REQ IOCTL. The events available
are:

	V4L2_EVENT_OMAP3ISP_AEWB
	V4L2_EVENT_OMAP3ISP_AF
	V4L2_EVENT_OMAP3ISP_HIST

The type of the event data is struct omap3isp_stat_event_status for these
ioctls. If there is an error calculating the statistics, there will be an
event as usual, but no related statistics buffer. In this case
omap3isp_stat_event_status.buf_err is set to non-zero.


Private IOCTLs
==============

The OMAP 3 ISP driver supports standard V4L2 IOCTLs and controls where
possible and practical. Much of the functions provided by the ISP, however,
does not fall under the standard IOCTLs --- gamma tables and configuration of
statistics collection are examples of such.

In general, there is a private ioctl for configuring each of the blocks
containing hardware-dependent functions.

The following private IOCTLs are supported:

	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CFG
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_PRV_CFG
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_AEWB_CFG
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_HIST_CFG
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_AF_CFG
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_STAT_REQ
	VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_STAT_EN

The parameter structures used by these ioctls are described in
include/linux/omap3isp.h. The detailed functions of the ISP itself related to
a given ISP block is described in the Technical Reference Manuals (TRMs) ---
see the end of the document for those.

While it is possible to use the ISP driver without any use of these private
IOCTLs it is not possible to obtain optimal image quality this way. The AEWB,
AF and histogram modules cannot be used without configuring them using the
appropriate private IOCTLs.


CCDC and preview block IOCTLs
=============================

The VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CFG and VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_PRV_CFG IOCTLs are used to
configure, enable and disable functions in the CCDC and preview blocks,
respectively. Both IOCTLs control several functions in the blocks they
control. VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CFG IOCTL accepts a pointer to struct
omap3isp_ccdc_update_config as its argument. Similarly VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_PRV_CFG
accepts a pointer to struct omap3isp_prev_update_config. The definition of
both structures is available in [1].

The update field in the structures tells whether to update the configuration
for the specific function and the flag tells whether to enable or disable the
function.

The update and flag bit masks accept the following values. Each separate
functions in the CCDC and preview blocks is associated with a flag (either
disable or enable; part of the flag field in the structure) and a pointer to
configuration data for the function.

Valid values for the update and flag fields are listed here for
VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CFG. Values may be or'ed to configure more than one
function in the same IOCTL call.

        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_ALAW
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_LPF
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_BLCLAMP
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_BCOMP
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_FPC
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CULL
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_CONFIG_LSC
        OMAP3ISP_CCDC_TBL_LSC

The corresponding values for the VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_PRV_CFG are here:

        OMAP3ISP_PREV_LUMAENH
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_INVALAW
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_HRZ_MED
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_CFA
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_CHROMA_SUPP
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_WB
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_BLKADJ
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_RGB2RGB
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_COLOR_CONV
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_YC_LIMIT
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_DEFECT_COR
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_GAMMABYPASS
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_DRK_FRM_CAPTURE
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_DRK_FRM_SUBTRACT
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_LENS_SHADING
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_NF
        OMAP3ISP_PREV_GAMMA

The associated configuration pointer for the function may not be NULL when
enabling the function. When disabling a function the configuration pointer is
ignored.


Statistic blocks IOCTLs
=======================

The statistics subdevs do offer more dynamic configuration options than the
other subdevs. They can be enabled, disable and reconfigured when the pipeline
is in streaming state.

The statistics blocks always get the input image data from the CCDC (as the
histogram memory read isn't implemented). The statistics are dequeueable by
the user from the statistics subdev nodes using private IOCTLs.

The private IOCTLs offered by the AEWB, AF and histogram subdevs are heavily
reflected by the register level interface offered by the ISP hardware. There
are aspects that are purely related to the driver implementation and these are
discussed next.

VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_STAT_EN
-----------------------

This private IOCTL enables/disables a statistic module. If this request is
done before streaming, it will take effect as soon as the pipeline starts to
stream.  If the pipeline is already streaming, it will take effect as soon as
the CCDC becomes idle.

VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_AEWB_CFG, VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_HIST_CFG and VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_AF_CFG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Those IOCTLs are used to configure the modules. They require user applications
to have an in-depth knowledge of the hardware. Most of the fields explanation
can be found on OMAP's TRMs. The two following fields common to all the above
configure private IOCTLs require explanation for better understanding as they
are not part of the TRM.

omap3isp_[h3a_af/h3a_aewb/hist]_config.buf_size:

The modules handle their buffers internally. The necessary buffer size for the
module's data output depends on the requested configuration. Although the
driver supports reconfiguration while streaming, it does not support a
reconfiguration which requires bigger buffer size than what is already
internally allocated if the module is enabled. It will return -EBUSY on this
case. In order to avoid such condition, either disable/reconfigure/enable the
module or request the necessary buffer size during the first configuration
while the module is disabled.

The internal buffer size allocation considers the requested configuration's
minimum buffer size and the value set on buf_size field. If buf_size field is
out of [minimum, maximum] buffer size range, it's clamped to fit in there.
The driver then selects the biggest value. The corrected buf_size value is
written back to user application.

omap3isp_[h3a_af/h3a_aewb/hist]_config.config_counter:

As the configuration doesn't take effect synchronously to the request, the
driver must provide a way to track this information to provide more accurate
data. After a configuration is requested, the config_counter returned to user
space application will be an unique value associated to that request. When
user application receives an event for buffer availability or when a new
buffer is requested, this config_counter is used to match a buffer data and a
configuration.

VIDIOC_OMAP3ISP_STAT_REQ
------------------------

Send to user space the oldest data available in the internal buffer queue and
discards such buffer afterwards. The field omap3isp_stat_data.frame_number
matches with the video buffer's field_count.


Technical reference manuals (TRMs) and other documentation
==========================================================

OMAP 3430 TRM:
<URL:http://focus.ti.com/pdfs/wtbu/OMAP34xx_ES3.1.x_PUBLIC_TRM_vZM.zip>
Referenced 2011-03-05.

OMAP 35xx TRM:
<URL:http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/spruf98o> Referenced 2011-03-05.

OMAP 3630 TRM:
<URL:http://focus.ti.com/pdfs/wtbu/OMAP36xx_ES1.x_PUBLIC_TRM_vQ.zip>
Referenced 2011-03-05.

DM 3730 TRM:
<URL:http://www.ti.com/litv/pdf/sprugn4h> Referenced 2011-03-06.


References
==========

[1] include/linux/omap3isp.h

[2] http://git.ideasonboard.org/?p=media-ctl.git;a=summary
